Τι συμβαίνει με τα μπόινγκ και το horizontal turbulence?
O Mark Mallari γράφει από την Μανίλλα των Φιλιππίνων για το πιο επιτυχημένο αεροπλάνο στην ιστορία.
“Ακουσα από περισσότερες από μία πηγές ότι οι αεροδυναμικές ιδιαιτερότητες κάνουν το μπόινγκ 757 να δημιουργεί turbulence πολύ περισσότερη από άλλα αεροσκάφη, τέτοια ώστε οι πιλότοι των άλλων αεροσκαφών να πρέπει να είναι ιδιαίτερα προσεκτικοί όταν βρίσκονται κοντά σε τέτοια αεροσκάφη.”
Υπάρχει μεγάλη συζήτηση γι αυτό μεταξύ των ειδικών με άλλους να διαφωνούν και άλλους να συμφωνούν σχετικά με το πολύ περισσότερο vortex του 757 από άλλα αεροσκάφη του ίδιου μεγέθους.
Οταν τα φτερά ενός αεροσκάφους, σηκώνουν το αεροσκάφος παράλληλα δημιουργούν και ένα οριζόντιο tornado, το οποίο μπορεί να επηρεάσει κοντινό αεροσκάφος, ειδικά εάν είναι μικρότερο, και μπορεί ακόμη και να το βγάλει εκτός τροχιάς.
Σύμφωνα με την NASA, η σοβαρότητα του “wake vortex hazard” εξαρτάται από πολλά πράγματα όπως: το μέγεθος, τη γεωμετρία, καθώς και τις παρακάτω επικρατούσες συνθήκες και στα δύο αεροσκάφη:
την απόσταση μεταξύ των δύο αεροσκαφών,
τη γωνία και το υψόμετρο στο οποίο βρίσκονται,
τις ατμοσφαιρικές συνθήκες, όπως παραδείγματος χάριν ο άνεμος.
Το 1969, αμέσως μετά την κυκλοφορία του πρώτου jumbo, η Federal Aviation Administration προσπάθησε να ορίσει τα “wake characteristics” ενός μεγάλου αεροσκάφους. Αυτή κατέληξε στο να καθορίσει μια απόσταση ασφαλείας 10 μιλίων για ένα αεροσκάφος που ακολουθεί ένα Air Force C-5 cargo ή ένα εμπορικό Boeing 747.
Το νούμερο αυτό άλλαξε στα 5 μίλια για μικρότερα αεροσκάφη που ακολουθούσαν τις απογειώσεις αεροσκάφων περισσότερων των 300,000 pounds.
Αν και το 757 θεωρείται στενό, κατατάσσεται στα μεγάλα αεροσκάφη από τους ελεγκτές εναέριας κυκλοφορίας. “Το 757 έχει πολύ καλά φτερά, τα οποία κατά την διάρκεια μικρών περιόδων πτήσης κατά την απογείωση ή την προσγείωση τα οποία μπορεί να παράγουν wake vortex πολύ πιο δυνατό από το 747 jumbo jet.
Στη δεκαετία του ’90 τα 757 είχαν εμπλακεί σε μια σειρά από ατυχήματα κατά τη προσέγγιση αεροδρομίων το οποίο προσέλκυσε την προσοχή στο πρόβλημα του wake vortex.
Το 1992 ένα Τσέσνα Citation που ακολουθούσε ένα 757 στο Billings Logan International Airport της Montana συνετρίβη, σκοτώνοντας δύο μέλη και έξι επιβάτες. Το 1993, ένα Ισραηλήτικο αεροσκάφος των Industries Westwind, που επίσης trailing ένα 757, συνετρίβη στο John Wayne Airport στην Santa Ana, California, σκοτώνοντας δύο μέλη του πληρώματος και τρεις επιβάτες. Και άλλα παρόμοια δυστυχήματα συνέβησαν χωρίς ευτυχώς ανθρώπινα θύματα.
Ολα αυτά έκαναν τις υπεύθυνες υπηρεσίες να έλέγξουν ελέγξουν εάν υπάρχει πρόβλημα με το wake vortex του 757.
Οι έρευνες για τα Boeing 757 και 767 δεν οδήγησαν σε κάποιο συμπέρασμα.
Σε κάποιο όμως από τα τεστ που έγιναν προέκυψε ότι η ταχύτητα του vortex για το 757 είταν 50% υψηλότερη από αυτή του 767.
Γιαυτό το λόγο το 757 κατηγοροποιήθηκε στη “wide-body” κατηγορία όσον αφορά τους κανόνες απόστασης ασφαλείας.
τέλος Α’ μέρους
image credits: NASA
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